AWR Blog

Exploring and Understanding CNC Automation

Written by Eric Smith | Oct 22, 2024 3:00:00 PM

From laser cutting to machine tending, CNC machines in the modern era of manufacturing rely heavily on automation. Rather than manually loading raw materials or directing a laser engraver, CNC automation ensures all motions are executed with consistent precision.

The best part? While the automation ensures CNC machines function continuously, operators are better able to attend to other tasks, such as enhancing their skills and assisting with functions that require close observation. Plus, CNC automation means these machines are running more efficiently, increasing throughput and boosting profitability for manufacturing businesses and job shops. 

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What is CNC Automation?

Today, automation seems to be everywhere, and that’s true for the manufacturing industry as well. In fact, Industry 4.0, also known as smart manufacturing, is characterized by the use of new technological advancements that allows for machinery to run more efficiently and effectively than ever before. Within the larger scope of new technologies in Industry 4.0 is CNC automation.

Rather than manually entering job functions or relying on operators to complete machine tending tasks, CNC automation can tackle these repetitive roles. CNC automation refers to the integration of computerized control systems with manufacturing machines, such as CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines, to perform complex tasks, ultimately reducing the need for manual intervention. This technology automates the operation of CNC machines, which are used to shape, cut, or form materials like metal, plastic, or wood into precise parts.

What Functions Can Be Automated?

The repetitive nature of machine tending lends itself as an excellent opportunity for automation. Simply put, automation means these tasks, which might contribute to injuries or inconsistent production, are removed from the manufacturing process. Consider the following manufacturing tasks completed more efficiently with the help of automation technology:

  • Part sorting and packaging: Once parts are machined, automated systems can sort them based on criteria like size or type. And, automated packing systems can place finished parts into appropriate packaging, such as boxes or trays, ready for shipping.
  • Material loading and unloading: Robots or automated feeders can load raw materials onto the CNC machine. After the machining process, finished parts are automatically removed from the machine and placed onto a conveyor or storage system.
  • Part handling: Automated systems can transfer parts between different stages of production or between machines, such as from a CNC mill to a lathe. With this capability, robotic arms can precisely position materials or parts in the exact orientation required for machining, ensuring repeatability and accuracy.
  • Tool changing: CNC automation allows for the automatic changing of cutting tools within the machine. This ensures the right tool is used for each step without stopping production, improving speed and reducing downtime.
  • Quality inspections: Vision systems or sensor-based inspections can measure parts in real-time to ensure they meet specifications. This data can be fed back into the system to make real-time adjustments.

CNC Automation Use Cases

For its ability to maintain consistency and accuracy, particularly for high volume applications, CNC automation is a necessity across many industries. 

  • Automotive: CNC automation is widely used for producing precision components such as engine parts, transmission gears, brake systems, and axles. Plus, automated systems load and unload raw materials, ensuring faster production of metal and plastic parts while reducing labor costs.
  • Aerospace: The aerospace industry requires components with extremely tight tolerances, such as turbine blades, structural components, and landing gear parts. CNC automation ensures consistent precision for these complex units.
  • Medical devices: CNC automation ensures parts are manufactured to exact regulatory standards and provides traceability through integrated inspection systems. Additionally, automated systems can manufacture tiny, intricate components like stents, screws, and dental implants, which require precision beyond manual machining capabilities.
  • Food and beverage: CNC automation helps in manufacturing stainless steel components for food processing equipment, ensuring cleanliness and adherence to hygiene standards. This type of automation is also beneficial for processing and packaging functions, including filling machines, labeling systems, and sealing units. 
  • Electronics: The electronics industry often requires micro-machining of tiny, intricate components such as connectors, housings, and chip carriers. CNC systems automate this with exceptional accuracy. Further, automation is beneficial for hanfling the loading and unloading of delicate electronic components and materials, preventing contamination and ensuring consistent production speed.

Benefits of CNC Automation for Job Shops

CNC automation helps many industries enhance their precision and improve overall part product quality. But what about for job shops? Whether you focus on low mix production or need to machine a variety of materials, automation can streamline all machine tending processes, not only bringing benefits for your business, but also for your employees and your customers. 

Increased Productivity

CNC automation significantly boosts productivity in job shops by enabling machines to run continuously with minimal intervention from operators. Automated systems can handle repetitive tasks such as material loading, unloading, and tool changes, which reduces downtime between jobs and accelerates the overall production process. 

Additionally, CNC machines can operate 24/7, allowing job shops to meet high demand without needing additional shifts. Rather, the machines themselves can account for a third shift of work without asking operators to work overtime in order to meet production goals. This continuous operation maximizes output, leading to faster turnaround times on orders, and helps shops take on more complex or larger volume projects efficiently.

Cost Efficiency

While the initial investment in CNC automation might come with a high price tag, the long term cost savings benefits are undeniable. Instead of operators manually performing tasks, robots and automated systems can take over these duties, freeing up workers to focus on higher-level tasks such as programming or machine maintenance. And, at a time when finding skilled operators can be challenging, making sure your team is satisfied and given opportunities to improve their skills is increasingly valuable. 

Beyond the labor advantages, CNC automation optimizes material use, reducing waste and scrap rates. The reduction in errors and increased machine uptime also translates into lower operating costs, improving the job shop's overall profitability.

Consistency and Quality

CNC automation enhances the consistency and quality of manufactured parts by eliminating human error and ensuring precise, repeatable processes. Once a CNC program is set, the machine will follow the exact parameters every time, producing identical parts with tight tolerances, no matter how complex the design. Automated systems also integrate real-time monitoring and inspection, ensuring any deviations are corrected immediately. This leads to higher quality output, fewer defects, and reduced rework, ultimately improving customer satisfaction.

Safety Improvements

Automation improves safety by reducing the need for operators to interact directly with potentially dangerous machines. Robots handle tasks such as material loading, clamping, and tool changes, which keeps workers out of harm's way and reduces the risk of accidents or injuries.

Automated systems can also monitor and respond to machine performance issues, such as overheating or tool breakage, before they lead to hazardous situations. This shift towards a safer, more automated work environment not only protects employees but also contributes to fewer incidents of downtime due to accidents. And, less downtime means higher throughput and productivity.

CNC Automation Challenges to Consider

While there are many advantages that come with automated CNC machines, that doesn’t mean they don’t have challenges that job shops must consider before implementing automation. With these challenges in mind, job shops can better prepare to introduce new automation technologies into their business practices without impacting job shop success. 

High Initial Investment

One of the primary challenges to CNC automation for job shops is the high upfront cost of purchasing and integrating automated systems. CNC machines, robots, and software often require a significant investment, which can be a barrier for smaller job shops with limited budgets. 

Beyond the cost of the equipment, shops may also need to invest in additional infrastructure, such as robotic arms, sensors, and conveyors, to support automation. However, given the fact that automated CNC machines are able to increase capacity, job shops can also expect a greater return on investment, though those benefits might not be experienced immediately.

Complexity in Implementation

Implementing CNC automation, like any automation system, is complex, requiring careful planning and integration into existing workflows. Unlike manual processes, automated systems must be programmed and synchronized with the rest of the production line, which can be time-consuming and may disrupt normal operations during the transition phase. 

Job shops may face challenges in integrating different machines and software, particularly if they use older equipment or systems not designed for automation. Ensuring that all components work harmoniously requires an understanding of both CNC technology and the specific production needs of the shop.

Maintenance and Downtime

While CNC automation improves productivity, it also introduces the risk of unexpected downtime due to system failures or malfunctions, though this is a risk that comes with any piece of equipment. Automated systems are often more complex than manual setups, meaning that diagnosing and repairing issues may require specialized knowledge and tools. 

Additionally, regular maintenance is essential to ensure smooth operation, but it can be costly and time-consuming. If equipment malfunctions occur, it can lead to significant downtime, affecting overall production and leading to potential delays in fulfilling customer orders.

With this in mind, job shops will benefit from CNC automation systems that are user friendly and don’t require technical training for effective operations. In fact, many of today’s robotic machine tending systems include touchscreen displays with visual icons to ensure any operator can adjust jobs as needed. 

Scalability Concerns

For job shops with fluctuating demand or small production runs, scaling CNC automation can be challenging. The rigidity of some automated systems may not allow for easy adaptation to varying job sizes or changes in product designs. Small shops may find it difficult to justify the cost of automation for low-volume or highly customized orders, which require more flexibility than automation can typically offer. Additionally, scaling automation as the business grows may involve further investments in more sophisticated systems, creating an ongoing financial burden.

So, before selecting an automation system, job shops will benefit from one that can be integrated with existing CNC machines and other equipment. Rather than purchasing additional equipment, which could take up valuable floor space, compact automation tools that can be added to machining centers will bring benefits for those looking to scale their operations in the future. Plus, some automation tools can switch between functions, meaning there won’t be a need for dedicated equipment for certain job types. 

Resistance to Change

Sometimes, it’s simply hard to adjust to new technologies. Workers may be concerned about job displacement or fear learning new technologies, while management may be reluctant to invest in automation due to uncertainties about the return on investment or disruption to established processes. Overcoming this resistance requires clear communication about the benefits of automation, such as increased productivity and safer working conditions, and a commitment to upskilling the workforce to ensure that employees remain an integral part of the production process.

Tips for Implementing CNC Automation in Job Shops

With CNC automation, business operations become a breeze. However, to ensure that automation tools are optimized, job shops need to do a little bit of prep work. Fortunately, with the right implementation plan, job shops can incorporate CNC automation systems without introducing unnecessary downtime. 

Assessing Automation Needs

Introducing CNC automation, including robotic machine tending systems, into a job shop begins with a thorough assessment of the shop’s specific needs and production goals. Start by analyzing current workflows, identifying repetitive or time-consuming tasks that could be automated, and assessing pain points such as bottlenecks or quality inconsistencies. 

Consider the types of jobs most frequently handled, production volumes, and whether automation can increase efficiency, quality, or capacity. This assessment phase should also involve evaluating the existing infrastructure to determine what equipment and systems need to be upgraded or integrated. 

Selecting the Right Automation Solution

Once the shop’s automation needs are identified, selecting the right automation solution is crucial. This involves choosing CNC machines and robotic systems that are compatible with current operations and versatile enough to handle future needs. 

When selecting robotic machine tending systems, consider factors such as the size, weight, and complexity of the parts being produced, as well as the types of machining operations involved. Look for scalable solutions that can accommodate growth or increased demand without requiring a complete overhaul of the system. 

Additionally, evaluate the software and control systems for ease of integration, ensuring that the automated systems can seamlessly communicate with other machinery and production software. Collaborating with trusted vendors who provide tailored solutions and support is key to finding the best fit for your specific requirements.

Training and Change Management

A critical factor in the successful introduction of CNC automation is ensuring the workforce is properly trained and prepared for the transition. If you’re able to, invest in comprehensive training programs that equip operators and technicians with the skills needed to program, operate, and maintain the new automated systems. Upskilling existing employees can help bridge the technical skills gap and alleviate concerns about job displacement. 

Further, create a clear change management plan to address resistance to automation. Frankly, it seems as though “automation” is a buzzword that often carries fear. To address this, communicate the benefits of automation to employees—emphasizing how it can improve productivity, safety, and overall shop competitiveness—while ensuring they understand their evolving roles within the company. Engaging employees early in the process can foster a smoother transition and greater buy-in.

Continuous Monitoring and Adaptation

After implementation, it's important to continuously monitor the performance of CNC automation systems to ensure they’re delivering the expected results. Track key performance indicators (KPIs) such as uptime, production rates, quality control metrics, and cost savings. Regular maintenance schedules should be established to minimize downtime, and feedback loops with operators should be used to identify areas for further improvement. As production demands change, the system should be flexible enough to adapt, and the workforce should be continuously trained to keep pace with advancements in automation technologies.

The Future of CNC Automation 

Earlier we mentioned smart manufacturing. While CNC automation is part of the larger scope of Industry 4.0, it only scratches the surface of what’s to come. In addition to machine automation and machine tending robots, the manufacturing industry is beginning to see an increase in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).  

AI and ML continue to help job shops enhance precision, efficiency, and adaptability. These technologies enable CNC machines to go beyond basic automation by incorporating intelligent decision-making, real-time data analysis, and process optimization, leading to more advanced and autonomous manufacturing processes. In CNC automation systems, AI algorithms analyze data from sensors embedded in CNC machines, such as vibration, temperature, and spindle speed, to predict when a machine might fail or require maintenance. By detecting patterns and anomalies in real-time, AI can identify potential issues before they lead to equipment breakdowns, reducing unexpected downtime and extending the lifespan of machinery. 

AI algorithms analyze data from sensors embedded in CNC machines, such as vibration, temperature, and spindle speed, to predict when a machine might fail or require maintenance. By detecting patterns and anomalies in real-time, AI can identify potential issues before they lead to equipment breakdowns, reducing unexpected downtime and extending the lifespan of machinery. 

Going hand in hand with AI, Machine learning enables CNC systems to continuously learn and improve from production data. ML algorithms analyze past jobs, tool wear, machining speeds, and part quality to identify the most efficient machining parameters. As more data is collected, the system refines its processes to optimize cutting speeds, tool paths, and material usage, reducing cycle times and improving accuracy. 

However, to truly get the most out of AI and ML in job shops, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) allows for operators to receive data from connected devices and machines to further analyze and improve operations. This connectivity allows job shops to enhance productivity, improve decision-making, and optimize operations across various aspects of the CNC machining process.

In CNC automation, IIoT enables the continuous collection of data from machines, sensors, and other devices in the production environment. Sensors embedded in CNC machines monitor variables such as spindle speed, temperature, tool wear, vibration, and power consumption. This data is transmitted in real-time to centralized platforms or cloud-based systems where it can be analyzed to provide insights into machine performance.

By monitoring machine health and operational parameters in real time, job shops can detect inefficiencies, identify potential issues, and ensure machines are running at optimal capacity. This level of transparency allows operators and managers to make data-driven decisions, respond quickly to problems, and maintain high productivity levels.

Additionally, the future of CNC automation is also expected to better utilize IIoT technology to enhance supply chain and resource management. By connecting machines and inventory systems, job shops can gain better visibility into material usage, inventory levels, and production schedules. Automated alerts can be set up to notify operators when materials are running low, when machines need replenishing, or when maintenance parts are required.

This integration allows for more accurate planning and resource management, reducing the risk of production delays due to material shortages or supply chain bottlenecks. It also facilitates just-in-time production, ensuring that materials and components are available precisely when needed, further streamlining operations.

But, in order for job shops to reap the benefits of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing, they need to first have the right equipment. Luckily, Automation Within Reach has several machine tending robots that can simplify automation processes for job shops and manufacturing businesses. Without overhauling existing equipment, AWR can provide automated machine tending robots to do the repetitive work for you, freeing up your team to enhance their skills and focus their efforts on tasks that require operator intervention.

Whether you’re in need of a machine tending robot for high or low volume productions, our lineup of machine tending solutions can cut machine downtime while increasing throughput. Ready to learn more? Get in touch with an automation expert today!